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1.
ARS med. (Santiago, En línea) ; 42(1): 68-75, 2017. Tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1016431

RESUMO

La enfermedad renal crónica constituye una patología de prevalencia e impacto creciente en la población mundial por sus múltiples complicaciones, incluyendo un riesgo cardiovascular aumentado, que representa la principal causa de morbimortalidad en pacientes nefrópatas crónicos. Sin embargo, la relevancia de las dislipidemias, especialmente, la hipercolesterolemia LDL, en el deterioro de la función renal y desarrollo de ateroesclerosis en sujetos con daño renal crónico no ha sido claramente establecida. Esta situación ha generado controversia sobre el beneficio real del uso de hipolipemiantes en estos pacientes. En base a la evidencia disponible, incluyendo estudios clínicos recientes, la recomendación más apropiada sugiere que el uso de terapia hipolipemiante basada en estatinas (con o sin ezetimiba) es beneficioso desde un punto de vista cardiovascular en nefrópatas crónicos con insuficiencia renal leve a moderada antes de la diálisis. Por otro lado, no existe evidencia definitiva para apoyar el uso rutinario de este tipo de hipolipemiantes en el manejo del deterioro de la filtración glomerular y/o la proteinuria. Basándose en la evidencia analizada en esta revisión, las futuras guías clínicas para el manejo del daño renal crónico deberán incorporar el uso de estatinas y/o ezetimiba como un elemento más dentro del armamento terapéutico de este tipo de pacientes.(AU)


Chronic kidney disease is a condition of increasing prevalence and impact on the world population by its many complications, including increased cardiovascular risk that represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic nephropathy patients. However, the relevance of dyslipidemia, especially high LDL cholesterol, in the impairment of renal function and development of atherosclerosis in subjects with chronic kidney disease has not been clearly established. This situation has generated controversy regarding the real benefit of use of lipid-lowering therapy in these patients. Based on available evidence, including recent clinical studies, the most appropriate recommendation suggests that the use of lipid-lowering therapy based on statins (with or without ezetimibe) is beneficial from a cardiovascular standpoint in chronic nephropathy with mild to moderate renal failure before dialysis. On the other hand, there is no definitive evidence to support the routine use of lipid lowering drugs in the management of impaired glomerular filtration and/or proteinuria. Based on the evidence discussed in this review, future clinical guidelines for management of chronic renal damage should incorporate the use of statins and/or ezetimibe as a key element in the therapeutic armamentarium to be applied in these patients.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Diálise , Hipolipemiantes
2.
Rev Med Chil ; 135(2): 216-20, 2007 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17406740

RESUMO

Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia affects one every 400 individuals, is caused by mutations in the LDL receptor gene and is associated with premature coronary artery disease. Nowadays, LDL cholesterol can be efficiently reduced with the new therapies to reduce blood lipids. We report a female patient who consulted in 1975, when she was 46 years old, for severe hypercholesterolemia. In 2003, a sample of leukocyte DNA was obtained and the uncommon 1705+1G>A mutation of the LDL receptor gene was detected. No mutations in the apolipoprotein B gene were found. The patient was treated successfully with simvastatin 80 mg/day and ezetimibe 10 mg/day and LDL cholesterol levels were reduced below 200 mg/dl.


Assuntos
Hipercolesterolemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipercolesterolemia/genética , Anticolesterolemiantes/uso terapêutico , Azetidinas/uso terapêutico , LDL-Colesterol/efeitos dos fármacos , Ezetimiba , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Proteínas Relacionadas a Receptor de LDL/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Relacionadas a Receptor de LDL/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Prognóstico , Sinvastatina/uso terapêutico
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 134(12): 1535-1540, dic. 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-441432

RESUMO

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is a disease of increasing incidence among children. The time elapsed between the beginning of symptoms and the diagnosis of the disease is, in most cases, very extended. Aim: To report the clinical picture at onset and laboratory features of children with DM1. Material and methods: Retrospective review of all medical records of patients admitted to the hospital with a DM1 of recent onset. Results: Sixty three males aged 95±47 months and 34 females aged 109±51 months, were studied. Males were significantly younger than females (p <0.05). The lapse between symptoms onset and the diagnosis of the disease was longer in girls than in boys (46±46 and 26±26 days respectively, p <0.02). There was an inverse correlation between plasma glucose and the lapse between symptoms onset and the diagnosis of disease. The most common clinical picture of the disease was the classical symptoms of diabetes (polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss), in 60 percent of cases. Thirty seven percent had developed ketoacidosis at the time of the diagnosis. Ketoacidosis was more common between 1988 and 1995, as compared with the period 1996-2003 (50 percent and 28.8 percent, respectively). The onset of symptoms occurred between April and August (Winter in the Southern Hemisphere) in 38 percent of cases. Conclusions: DM1 is a disease of increasing incidence among children, whose diagnosis is delayed, even though symptoms are evident. The lower incidence of ketoacidosis in our patients between 1996 and 2003 is encouraging.


Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Idade de Início , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
Rev Med Chil ; 134(5): 641-8, 2006 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16802058

RESUMO

Primary and secondary prevention trials have clearly demonstrated that lowering serum cholesterol levels with statins reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events. Recent studies plus post hoc analysis of previous clinical trials show that risk reduction is proportional to the magnitude of LDL cholesterol lowering. Therefore, new recommendations of the National Cholesterol Education Program (USA) have defined a category of patients with very high cardiovascular risk, who should achieve serum LDL cholesterol levels below 70 mg/dl. This proposal will require new and more efficient pharmacologic strategies to attain the increasingly strict therapeutic goals for LDL cholesterol. This article reviews the clinical studies that support the use of intensive lipid lowering therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk. An effective reduction of serum cholesterol can be obtained using statins in high doses or a combination of hypolipidemic drugs with different mechanisms of action.


Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/uso terapêutico , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Heptanoicos/uso terapêutico , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamento farmacológico , Pirróis/uso terapêutico , Atorvastatina , Azetidinas/uso terapêutico , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Ácido Clofíbrico/uso terapêutico , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/prevenção & controle , Quimioterapia Combinada , Ezetimiba , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue
5.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 30(3): 255-262, dic. 2003. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-387652

RESUMO

Introducción: Se ha descrito que el colesterol dietario produce modestos cambios en los niveles de colesterol sérico. Diversos estudios han mostrado que existe una marcada heterogeneidad en la respuesta individual frente a una dieta baja en colesterol. El polimorfismo de la apo E y sus diferentes isoformas descritas, ha sido reconocido como un factor involucrado en la variación de la respuesta y también como marcador de riesgo cardiovascular en la población. Los estudios que evalúan la respuesta dietaria en relación al gen de la apo E no han sido realizados en la población chilena. Objetivo: Evaluar la respuesta de los lípidos séricos en individuos con genotipo E3/3, frente a una intervención con colesterol dietario en la forma de un huevo sobre su dieta normal. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de diseño prospectivo, randomizado y crossover en 36 hombres provenientes de una institución bancaria de 25 a 55 años de edad. Se determinó colesterol plasmático total, LDL-col, HDL-col, TG, apo B y polimorfismo de apo E. Resultados: Las isoformas de apo E encontradas fueron un 79 por ciento de E3/3 y un 16 por ciento de E4/3. Los individuos E3/3 modificaron las concentraciones de colesterol total en un 0.1 por ciento luego de la adición de un huevo a la dieta por 4 semanas (209,6 ± 5,1 v/s 209,8 ± 5,6 mg/dl respectivamente, IC [- 5,0; 6,8] ). Individuos E4/3 modificaron en un 0,8 por ciento la concentración de colesterol total bajo las mismas condiciones experimentales (200,3 ± 9,4 v/s 201,8 ± 6,0 mg/dL, IC [-10,0; 13,0] ). La concentración de Apo B sérico tuvo una variación porcentual de + 5,5 por ciento para individuos E3/3 y - 2,1 por ciento para individuos E4/3, sin diferencias significativas intra y entre grupos. Conclusión: Individuos con genotipo E3/3 de apo E no modificaron significativamente sus concentraciones de colesterol total luego de la intervención con colesterol dietario, así como también los individuos E4/3 analizados. Nuestros resultados refuerzan la noción que la mayoría de la población es capaz de compensar a un aumento moderado de colesterol. Estos resultados tienen implicancia en las recomendaciones dietarias a la población.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Apolipoproteínas E/sangue , Colesterol na Dieta , Ovos , Lipídeos/sangue , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Chile , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Fatores de Risco
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